World Asthma Day 2025, Observed on May 6th, highlights the global burden of asthma and emphasizes this year's theme: “Make Inhaled Treatments Accessible for ALL.” Led by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), the campaign calls for improved access to essential inhaled medications, especially corticosteroids, to help control the disease and prevent asthma attacks worldwide.
What is Asthma?
Asthma is a long-term (chronic) inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by recurring episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. These episodes can be triggered by various factors, including allergens, respiratory infections, exercise, and air pollution.
Facts
- Global Impact: Asthma affects over 260 million people around the world.
- Mortality: It causes more than 450,000 deaths annually, many of which are preventable.
- Manageability: Despite its seriousness, asthma can be effectively managed with proper care.
- Access Challenges: Many people, especially in low- and middle-income countries, struggle to access accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
- Nigerian Context: Around 15 million Nigerians are currently living with asthma.
- Contributing Factors: The rise in asthma cases is linked to urbanization, pollution, and low public awareness.
Causes
- Family history of asthma or allergies
- Exposure to air pollution or tobacco smoke
- Respiratory infections in early childhood
- Occupational exposure to dust, fumes, or chemicals
- Indoor allergens (dust mites, pet dander, mold)
- Weather changes and cold air
- Physical exercise (especially in cold conditions)
Symptoms
- Wheezing (a whistling sound when breathing)
- Shortness of breath
- Chest tightness or pain
- Persistent coughing, especially at night or early morning
- Difficulty sleeping due to breathing problems
Prevention
- Avoiding known triggers (e.g., smoke, dust, cold air)
- Keeping the home environment clean and allergen-free
- Using air purifiers or staying indoors during high-pollution days
- Getting vaccinated against respiratory infections (e.g., flu)
- Following a regular treatment plan prescribed by a healthcare provider
First Aid Measures During an Asthma Attack
If someone is experiencing an asthma attack:
- Stay calm and help them sit upright (do not lie down).
- Use a reliever inhaler (usually blue): One puff every 30–60 seconds, up to 10 puffs.
- If no improvement after 10 puffs, or if the person is struggling to breathe, call emergency services immediately.
- Continue giving one puff every few minutes until help arrives.
Never ignore worsening asthma symptoms—early intervention can save lives.
Take Action
- Learn about asthma: Understand its symptoms, causes, and treatment options.
- Manage your asthma: Adhere to treatment plans, avoid triggers, and monitor your symptoms.
- Support others: Share your story, offer support, and help raise awareness.
